Some Common Methods Used in Organic Chemistry

Some Common Methods Used in Organic ChemistrySome of the more advanced techniques in organic chemistry are qualitative analysis and chemistry. A qualitative analysis is simply an analysis of the type of material it is made of, whether it is crude oil ethylene, alcohol, or so on. In the context of this article, however, we are interested in a more technical chemistry called digital analysis.This is an analysis which consists of multiple tests on samples, each of which is unique. An example would be a nitrogen analyzer, which is used to identify methane in a gas sample. When you buy such a device, it is to be noted that it will have many different methods of analysis, including pH testing and various other tests which are considered highly useful when chemical analysis is to be done.Another type of testing is called quantitative analysis. The nature of this test determines its objectives; some purposes for such a testing would be to study the quality of materials and their effects, or it may be to determine if certain procedures and controls have been utilized.As far as chemical analysis is concerned, one can also choose to undertake a toxicology test, which is very similar to toxicology testing but concerns toxins as well as chemicals. The procedures involved with such a test can include the use of a gas chromatograph as well as a specific ion monitoring system, which are extremely useful in the detection of chemical toxicity.Other than quantitative and toxicology testing, there are other types of analytical methods as well. These are typically not complex, and they usually require less analysis time, but they do involve very sophisticated equipment and the presentation of data in graphical form.For example, optical coherence tomography is a very good way to visualize things that need to be measured for many purposes, from the detection of cancer to such types of measurements as ionizing radiation. Graphene structures are also common in chemistry. Micrographs ar e another widely used tool in chemistry. They allow scientists to document the reactions occurring during and after a reaction and show things as small as molecules or even crystals. In fact, they have become a staple of mycology and botany as well.

Creating Felled Seams

Creating Felled Seams Learn How to Do a Felled Seam ChaptersWhat is a Felled Seam?Why Use a Felled Seam?How to Do a Felled SeamTeaching Yourself to Do a Felled SeamLearning to Do a Felled Seam in a Sewing WorkshopLearning to Do a Felled Seam in Private Tutorials“Trendy is the last stage before tacky.” - Karl LagerfeldA lot of people in the UK enjoy creative hobbies. Knitting, embroidery, cross-stitch, and sewing are all hobbies that are becoming more popular. If you can sew, you can make your own clothes, decorate existing ones, tailor ill-fitting clothes, or repair damaged items of clothing.Interested in making your own clothes? How can you decorate your clothes through sewing?In this article, we’re going to look at what a felled seam is, when you should use one, and how you make them.  So get your scissors and needles ready! RaySewing Teacher 5.00 (6) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PrincessSewing Teacher 5.00 (2) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AnaSewing Teacher 5.00 (4) £30/h1st lesson free!Di scover all our tutors ArianwenSewing Teacher 5.00 (2) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ShaziaSewing Teacher 5.00 (2) £10/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ZanetaSewing Teacher 5.00 (1) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GianmariaSewing Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JacquelineSewing Teacher £17/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhat is a Felled Seam?When it comes to sewing, there are many different types of stitches and seams to choose from. This might be a zig-zag stitch, a French seam, or even a felled seam.Different seams have different uses. (Source: kobthanapong)The latter technique isn’t the quickest and nor is it the easiest but beginners can learn to do it. It’s among the most common techniques taught in sewing workshops and by private sewing tutorials.Also known as the flat-fell seam, the felled seam is made by stitching twice in parallel. Whether it’s done with a sewing machine or by hand, it’s a soli d seam. A sewing machine will probably make it look better than by hand.Furthermore, sewing it by hand can take absolutely ages as you’ll need to do it twice. Sewing a flat felled seam takes around ten minutes with a sewing machine.Find out more about open and closed seams.Why Use a Felled Seam?Whether you’re in a sewing classes near me or on your own, it’s never clear what kind of seam or stitch you should use.So why should you choose a felled seam over any other?When you learn to sew, you’ll learn a variety of techniques. You’ll also learn how to judge which technique you should use in order to create certain pieces and get certain results.  The stitch and the seam will depend on the material you’re working with (whether it’s heavy, light, etc.) as well as what you’re making. You wouldn’t use the same seams for trousers as you would for underwear.A flat felled seam is a pretty solid seam. That’s why it’s often used for furnishings and for trousers, particular ly the inseam. It’s solid because it’s a double stitch and it’s one of the most reliable seams. Men’s shirts are often sewn using these kinds of seams.You could also learn how to do an overlock stitch. RaySewing Teacher 5.00 (6) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PrincessSewing Teacher 5.00 (2) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AnaSewing Teacher 5.00 (4) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ArianwenSewing Teacher 5.00 (2) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ShaziaSewing Teacher 5.00 (2) £10/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ZanetaSewing Teacher 5.00 (1) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GianmariaSewing Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JacquelineSewing Teacher £17/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsHow to Do a Felled SeamEven though it doesn’t look simple, the felled seam is one of the first types you’ll learn to do in a sewing class. You just need to take things step-by-step an d not rush things. So here’s how you can successfully a flat felled seam.A stitch in time... (Source: Bru-nO)To get started, choose two pieces of fabric that you want to use, and put them right sides together. The right side is the side of the fabric that will be visible once the piece is finished. The two pieces need to be offset. The piece on top needs to be around 6 or 7mm offset from the one underneath.Find sewing classes London.With the help of some pins, attach the two pieces together so that they won’t move. Place the pins perpendicular to the direction of the seam so that the machine can pass over the top of it.You then need to just run it through the sewing machine. You need to make the seam around 1.5cm from the edge of the fabric on top, the one that’s sticking over the edge. Make sure you finish your seam.Once you’ve finished, separate the two pieces so that the right side is facing the table. Fold the larger inlay (the part of the fabric from the seam) over the smaller one. You now need to sew a  straight stitch onto the wrong side with the folded part of the fabric on top. You need to make sure that the second stitch is parallel to the first.You can then turn everything over and check that your seams are parallel. The seam should look clean. Don’t forget to finish your seams so that they don’t come undone over time.  Now you’re ready to sew skirts, trousers, jackets, or even curtains!Make sure you also learn how to do a zig-zag stitch.Teaching Yourself to Do a Felled SeamAs we mentioned earlier, the flat felled seam isn’t the easiest of techniques but it can be taught to beginners. You just need to practise it. Don’t wait until the end of a project to learn how to do it.  Even if you’ve looked up how to do it, you should still practise it a few times until you can get a really clean seam.Make sure you practise to get your seams right. (Source: Bru-nO)You should use offcuts or scraps and sew them together. Doing it by hand will take more practice to ensure it doesn’t look sloppy.You can find plenty of online tutorials about sewing to help you. In addition to our explanations, these will give you a great idea of how your seam should look. There are also sewing books with tutorials for you to follow.  To ensure you don’t get discouraged, set yourself challenges and projects to complete like making a pillowcase or sewing some trousers.With an objective in mind, it’s easier to understand what this type of sewing can be used for. Tailoring, purses, clothes, and accessories, you can do plenty with sewing!Learning to Do a Felled Seam in a Sewing WorkshopAnother way to learn how to sew by hand or with a sewing machine is to sign up to a sewing workshop in a haberdashery or anywhere offering classes. There are regular workshops throughout the year and you could attend these classes regularly.Ready to make your own jeans? (Source: Couleur)Additionally, you’ll learn more than just one technique. You’ll lea rn things how to use interfacing or how to attach a zip. You just need to sign up to workshop covering the technique you want to learn and you’re ready to go!A professional will help you with the finer details of these techniques. The advantage is that in some, you can even bring your own projects along and get advice on them.Don’t panic! If you don’t have any sewing equipment, there are workshops that will provide you with the resources you’ll need, loan them to you, or let you buy them. You might need an iron, for example, and you won’t be expected to bring one. Even though an iron isn’t essential, it helps you with folding the edges before doing the second seam.Learning to Do a Felled Seam in Private TutorialsNot everyone has a nice schedule that allows them to attend workshops or maybe they just don’t fancy learning in a group. You can get in touch with a private sewing tutor to learn how to do a flat felled seam.Private tutorials are useful if you want to create a certain piece as a gift or if you’d like to retrain and you’ll need to do perfect felled seams. It’s a great way to learn new skills in tailored classes.Making a hem, using a serger, doing a zigzag stitch or a French seam, or using sewing patterns, there are plenty of things you can learn how to do when you’ve got your own tutor.There are plenty of tutors offering sewing tutorials on Superprof and there are three main types of tutorial on offer: face-to-face tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials.Face-to-face tutorials involve a private tutor and one student. Since you're getting tailored tuition, you can expect to pay a premium for it. However, these types of tutorials are also the most cost-effective since every minute of the tutor's time is used helping you, unlike in a group class or a workshop.Online tutorials are similar except that your tutor isn't  physically there. Thanks to the internet, webcams, and programmes like Skype, students can learn from tutors all over the world. Since these tutors don't have to travel, they can charge less for the tutorial. However, these types of tutorials tend to be better for theoretical subjects rather than practical subjects like sewing.Group tutorials are the cheapest per student per hour since the cost of the tutor's time is shared amongst all the students attending the tutorial. Unfortunately, you won't get as much one-on-one time with your tutor but if you and a group of friends all want to learn how to sew, this is probably one of the best ways to do it.So are you ready to learn how to sew?You'll be making your own arts and crafts and clothes before you know it!

What Are The Rules To Study In Germany

What Are The Rules To Study In Germany The Necessary Steps For Studying In Germany ChaptersWhy German International Programs Attract International StudentsWhat You Should Know About Student Life And Education In GermanyStep By Step To Student Enrollment To Study Your Degree In GermanyGoing to study abroad is a dream for many students, especially during college and university. Thankfully international study is relatively easy for British citizens to travel and study abroad within the European Union countries. Depending on the decisions made regarding Brexit, you may not even have to apply for a Student visa.According to the website ‘study.eu’, Many students choose to study in Germany as international students. It comes out as the clear winner with the highest number of international students selecting Germany over all of the different countries in the EU.Before booking your flight, however, there are several practical things that you should do. You must consider some facts about studying abroad and also the important points of choosing to study at a German unive rsity.Many students choose to study in Germany as international students. It comes out as the clear winner with great benefits. Photo Source: Unsplashyou should at least learn the basics. While most people will speak English, including your professors. You should take the opportunity to learn while living there as this will give you access to understanding more about people and culture.Speaking only English may limit the options that you have for studying at university. Because while Germans speak English fluently, you may forget that their first language is actually German. And just like in the UK, they will do key things in their native language.Tuition fees are some of the lowest in Europe and have been that way since 2014. Valid for both German students and international students as well.As you would expect, German universities cover all subjects, and they offer several specialist schools too. With engineering schools, International universities, professional universities and ar t schools.Germany is a primarily meat-eating country with many of its dishes specialised on meat. If you are vegetarian or vegan, you should try to select a larger city to study in which will have an abundance of food for people with alternative tastes.Studying in a bigger city has the benefit of having a large population of English speakers but also the downside of being more expensive. Choose your university location carefully.Admission requirements: All universities have different entry requirements. Make sure that you understand this when applying for education in Germany. You should apply to each university following the rules that they set out.Health insurance is compulsory and should cover your entire time in Germany.Choose your German lessons London on here.German history started long before the Holocaust. Being in the country allows you to delve into that history. Photo Source: UnsplashStep By Step To Student Enrollment To Study Your Degree In GermanyTo study in Germany you should plan in advance, Germany is a popular option for students and the spaces within each university will be limited. This is especially important if you hope to get a place in popular cities like Berlin, Dresden, Frankfurt, Munich, cologne or Hamburg.Step One: Decide What You Want To StudyOnce you know what you want to study, you can find the best school that offers that course. If you speak German or are willing to learn, you are likely to have much more opportunity than just applying to English only programs.Using the Erasmus program or by using your own research, you can find the perfect university and course for your interests and skills.Decide on the following:The university and its locationThe course and its content (remember to check which language it is taught in)Step Two: Ask Lots Of Questions Before You ApplyBefore even applying, you have to understand what is really on offer. In Germany, a degree can take from 3-4 years, and if you want to study abroad for the entire program that is the 3-4 years of your life that you are making the decision for.Make Sure. You Ask About:The application processOptions for living such as the student hallsFinancing options for your housing and studiesWhich courses are taught in English if you don't speak GermanIf they offer a German language skills course to help, you learn the native language. If you apply to study on a German language course, your Language proficiency will be tested before being accepted.Also, you need to find out if you will have any support once you have arrived and started to study in Germany.It is also important to make sure that you understand if your German degree will need to be converted if you decide to move back to the UK.You should learn to speak the language if you want to live in Germany. Photo Source: UnsplashStep Three: Check The Entry RequirementsThe best way to find out the entry requirements for student Enrollment. For your selected Top universities is to check their website. Th e application procedures will be explained in detail. You should read over this and make sure that you have understood what is needed. Every little detail counts, you should make sure you not only meet the criteria but also that you follow the steps carefully.Not doing the application right won't be found out until the end and could result in delays or refusals. Which could ruin your chance of studying in Germany. If there is something that you don't understand, contact the university and ask them about it. They will be happy to guide you and support your application. There is no better support that you could get than directly from the German university.Step Four: Submit Your ApplicationOnce you are sure that your application has been completed properly, you will be ready to apply. Make sure to check your application numerous times before sending it. Be sure to reread the application formalities and check with your application in hand that you have ticked each criterion. You can als o ask your current school to help or ask for help from someone else. The second set of eyes can help to weed out mistakes that could delay your application.Step Five: WaitOnce you have sent your application, you should get a confirmation of receipt. When that comes through. There is nothing left to do except wait to get your acceptance and Enrolment information. It takes time to get a reply at this stage as there are so many applications. If you are very impatient, you can ask the University in Germany when it expects to reply so that you can relax a little.Going to Study in Germany is going to be a life-changing and generally enriching experience. You will discover a new culture, open yourself to new opportunities like learning German and new experiences such as travelling in Europe. While studying is a challenge, no matter where you are, you will be well taught in Germanies best universities that are famous for offering an amazing education. Fingers crossed and good luck with your application.

A Fun Blues Guitar Exercise to Get You Started

A Fun Blues Guitar Exercise to Get You Started Suzy S. If youre familiar with blues chords and ready to start trying your hand at some riffs, this exercise from guitar teacher Samuel B. will help you get the ball rolling As an instructor (and blues guitar afficionado), Im keen on you developing a working knowledge of the blues. The blues is the musicological basis of all recognizable forms of American music (gospel, contemporary country, soul, rhythm blues, bluegrass, early rock n roll, the list goes on). Therefore, said knowledge will improve your fluidity and integrity regardless of whether or not the blues becomes your supreme element. Its easy to confuse the forms structural simplicity (the same three chords in the same order) with a supposed simplicity inherent to blues guitar. First youll want to learn first-position chords in the key of E (E, A, and B7 the most blues-friendly chords in my experience): E Chord E||| B||| G|O|| D||-O| A||-O| E||| A Chord E||| B||-O| G||-O| D||-O| A||| E||| B7 Chord E||-O| B||| G||-O| D|O|| A||-O| E||| As well, you should practice the blues scale in the key of E (beginning on the 9th fret): E||-O||-O|||-O| B||-O||-O|||-O| G|O|||-O||-O|-O| D|O|||-O||-O|| A||-O||-O|O|-O|| E||-O||-O|||-O| Chords are the basis for rhythm guitar work. Scales are the basis for soloing. These are two completely unrelated elements. The following guitar tab serves as a pedagogical “lubricant” in between them (a trick I learned while being taught Stevie Ray Vaughans “Pride And Joy”) and will benefit you regarding both your conditioning and your repertoire: E||||||| B||||||| G||||||| D|||5|||| A|||3,7||4,6|| E|0-|1,9||2,8||| (repeat) E||||||| B||||||| G|||5|||| D|||3,7||4,6|| A|0-|1,9||2,8||| E||||||| E||||||| B||||||| G||||||| D|||5|||| A|||3,7||4,6|| E|0-|1,9||2,8||| If yourre familiar with blues guitar already, then you may have deduced that this sequence aligns with the first two-thirds of the twelve-bar blues chord progression. The remaining one-third (the B7th, A, E descent â€" one measure per chord) involves one relevant sequence per chord: E|||||| B|||||| G|||||| D|0,3||||| A|0,1|2|||| E|||||| (repeat 3 more times) E|||||| B|||||| G|0,3||||| D|0,1|2|||| A|||||| E|||||| (repeat 2 more times) E|||||||| B|||||||| G|||||||| D|||0,5||||-| A||0,3,8-|||9-|-4,10-|| E|0,2,7-|||1,6-|||-| Once youve learned to play this sequence smoothly, there are several ways to decorate the sequence. Among them are hammer-ons and pull-offs. As suggested by the name, a hammer-on is a single note altered by way of a left (not right) hand fourth-finger addition: ||O-||X| In this case, your index finger is “O” and your fourth one is “X.” The string is played only once with the right hand, but augmented with an extra note from the left literally hammered on to the vibrating string. You can also produce hammer-ons on open strings with your third finger: O ||X-|| Inversely, pull-offs involve your left hands fourth finger (or third in the case of open strings) releasing a vibrating note: ||X-||O| X ||O-|| Play around with these suggestions and see what works for you. You may develop some tricks of your own. As a teenager, I created a unique warping effect by holding down and bending two strings with one finger. Above all, have fun and dont be afraid to make mistakes! Samuel B. teaches beginner  guitar lessons in Austin, TX. He teaches lessons face-to-face without sheet music, which is his adaptation of Japanese instruction (involving a call-and-response method).  Learn more about Samuel here! Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher Photo by nociveglia

Studying Political History What does it entail

Studying Political History What does it entail Politics and History: How Can You Study It? ChaptersThe Politics of an OligarchyAutocracy as a Historical Political SystemTheocracy as a Form of Government?Democracy: the Best Worst SolutionStudying Political HistoryHistory as a social science explores many aspects of life throughout the ages: economics history, intellectual innovation, and politics. In this, it is similar to sociology, except that the humanities branch including political history doesn’t study modern societies, it studies the different types of political thought throughout the centuries, the political manoeuvering of historical figures as well as various types of political upheaval (revolutions, coups, putsches etc…)Historical research in political history also studies political interaction, meaning that it crosses over to military history and diplomatic history - the various types of political ties formed between nations and their impact on inner politics and international relations.One thing you should consider is that, both from the point of view of cu ltural history and anthropology, politics and bureaucracy do not necessarily go hand in hand. Many so-called “primitive” societies without their own system of writing or political institutions such as a parliament still exhibit political behaviour and have their own system of governance and political philosophy, often steeped in their moral and cultural values and traditions.In this article, we’ll give an overview of some of the more common political systems and the different historical iterations they come in.new ideologies were sought and toward the end of the eighteenth century, the participation of the people became the ideal political philosophy. This lead to various forms of Constitutional monarchies (older in England and successful, less so in France just prior to the Revolution), many of them in the nineteenth century, then to actual democracies.  The process was finished in the twentieth century, with no absolute monarchy left in Europe.Louis XIV of France is often co nsidered the poster boy of absolute monarchy. Photo credit: Hyacinthe Rigaud on WikimediaHowever, even with the advent of globalization, there are still some absolute monarchies in the world today - Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Oman and Brunei in the Arabic Peninsula, and Swaziland in Africa.ElectoratesElectorates are a form of absolute monarchy in which the monarch does not descend from a single ruling family but instead is elected from one of many aristocratic or royal families by an electoral college. This was the case in the Holy Roman Empire where the Prince-Electors chose the next Emperor from among their midst by means of an election. So theoretically a new emperor was not necessarily the son of the old - though, from 1440 onward, they were all from the House of Habsburg, and the elective role of the college was merely to ratify the usual course of succession.DespotismA despot usually designates an autocrat who is - either truly or symbolically - elected by the peo ple. Some despots are elected democratically to the presidency of their country and then seize power and disenfranchise any regulatory instances, others have rigged or single-party elections that ensure that they stay in power while symbolically giving the people a sense of political participation.However, many a despotic regime also came to power through a political or military coup.They are not monarchies mostly because they are not (officially) hereditary, although many a despot has had his son “elected” to office after him.Many despots use ideological means to stay in power, with political propaganda and information manipulation and control playing an important role to limit criticism of their regime.elections (or their equivalent) can be direct (President elected by the people), party-based (the strongest party in parliament provides the president/chancellor etc.) or through an  electoral college (a system only the American government pretends to understand).RepublicA repub lic is not a separate form of democracy, but simply designates any type of state in which government is considered a public matter rather than the sole province of a monarch or despot.Constitutional monarchiesConstitutional monarchies are systems of government in which the Head of State is nominally or politically a monarch - someone whose right to  rule is determined through birthright - but the actual governing and lawmaking is done by a parliament or other elected body whose representatives are elected by the people. Many monarchies became constitutional monarchies in the late 19th century or early 20th as a reaction against the emergence of a new sort of nationalism in which citizens wanted some say in government.The exact role and political power of the monarch is regulated by the constitution, ranging from Morocco, where the king retains executive powers (though lessened with the reform of 2011) to monarchies such as Britain and Sweden where the monarch’s power is extremely limited, playing a mostly representative role in global politics.Direct democracy vs. representative democraciesIn political science, a difference is made between direct and representative democracy.In a representative democracy, citizens elect representatives that make policy and decide on laws and other governmental acts. This body of representatives is often divided into two houses elected according to different principles (population vs. area, or equal representation, or party etc.) and can be divided between the legislative an executive branches. They can be called a parliament, congress, senate, or any number of different names, but the important factor is that the people have representation by members of a political party they feel corresponds to their personal ideology. Interestingly, the idea of “left” and “right”-wing parties emerged from the seating of representatives in the parliament of the first French Republic, right after the Revolution - to the left or the r ight of the political leader.In direct democracies, the people vote directly on legislation, possibly electing one or two leaders for the executive branch of government. This is the form of government found in classical Athens, where every citizen attended sessions of parliament where they would debate the questions of the day and voted via secret ballot with stones in urns. Of course, Athens was only one city with a bit of countryside attached, and citizenship only applied to free landowning males (feminism wasn’t invented yet), so the amount of people present at any one session was not overly excessive. Another historical example for direct democracy are pirate ships. On many filibusters, the captain was elected democratically and many decisions, such as where to go next and how to divide the booty, was decided by vote.In Athens, citizens could vote to exile someone by writing their name on shards of pottery and dropping them in an urn. Photo credit: Pilar Torres on VisualhuntTo day, direct democracy is usually only occasionally practised in the form of referendums on important affairs - EU applicants have to have a referendum before joining officially, and we all know what happened with Britain’s last attempt at direct democracy.CommunismCommunism is interesting in that the political theory of communism is impossible without the economic theories behind it.Communism is often confused with socialism:While all communists are socialistsNot all socialists are communistsSocialism posits a welfare state - that is to say, socialists consider it to be the responsibility of the state to look after its citizens. To what extent depends on the individual philosophy - but most socialists agree that basic care - health care, a certain minimal unemployment and a right to basic education and foodstuff - is a governmental responsibility. The important aspect is that it’s a form of  state-run insurance, with all citizens paying into a pot that’s then redistributed.Soc ialism can exist within capitalism - the most common form of economy among democracies. Communism, however, needs a completely different framework.In communism, there is no personal ownership - of anything. Everything is owned communally and distributed to those who need it. It is often propagated as the rule of the working class. As French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau had already understood, it works best on a local level. A whole communally-owned state needs a political structure, which inevitably leads to the creation of a political elite. Oddly enough, while the theoretical structure of communist nations is a democracy, most of them turn into dictatorships, with a single charismatic personality at their heads until he dies.Communism at a local level existed in many so-called primitive societies, in which most goods were communally owned and resources distributed according to need.Studying Political HistoryUniversities rarely offer political history as a separate subject. Ho wever, if you are interested in the intellectual history of politics, there are ways you can still find out more about it by studying on an interdisciplinary level.If you are interested in the political events that formed (and destroyed) nations, become a historian and study ancient history, modern history or archaeology. Undergraduates learn about the different cultures and the social systems, and the libraries are excellent for research on political events.If you are interested in the schools of thought behind political systems and decisions, why not study philosophy? Though often considered a purely intellectual pursuit, philosophy has influenced political thinking for millennia, whether the religious philosophy found in Latin texts of the Medieval and Renaissance periods, the philosophers of the Enlightenment or Machiavelli in early modern times, or modern political thinkers such as Foucault in the twentieth century. Anyone interested in comparative politics and ethical question s in politics would do well to study the philosophical thought behind the political systems. A graduate student in philosophy understands the conflict behind the different methodological views of politics and can analyze their pros and cons - though no-one has yet found the perfect system.If you are more interested in studying how political history impacted modern society and politics - the rise of liberalism, the differentiation between legislative and executive powers, analytical views on the impact of political decisions on the economy and social history or the interaction of world powers in international politics - consider a Political Science major. A number of universities in the UK have political science courses on their curriculum.Read more about studying History in the UK.

Learn Biology The Best Opportunities for Studying Biology across the UK

Learn Biology The Best Opportunities for Studying Biology across the UK Find Yourself a Biology Course in the UK. ChaptersThe Joys of Learning BiologyChoosing the Right Biology CourseBiology Classes in LondonStudying Biology in ManchesterTop Options for Learning Biology in BirminghamBiology Courses in LeedsTackling Biology in GlasgowIf you are in the UK and hoping to learn biology, you have come to the right place. Here, we outline some of the best options for studying the biological sciences up and down the country â€" at whatever level you may be at.If you are prospective undergraduate hoping to find the best degree course through which to get a rigorous academic qualification, or a high school student looking for a great place for revision; an adult seeking an extra string to add to your bow of qualifications or a casual learner after a one-off biology lecture â€" you’ll find what you are looking for here.This list has some of the best educational institutions in the country â€" from universities to revision classes to further education colleges. And with the great biology teaching that the y offer, you are sure to gain the skills and knowledge that you need to succeed. MahimaBiology Teacher 5.00 (10) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AndyBiology Teacher 5.00 (2) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlishaBiology Teacher 5.00 (10) £9/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SaifBiology Teacher 5.00 (9) £22/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors FrankBiology Teacher 5.00 (8) £90/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors HeavenliBiology Teacher £9/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SiobhanBiology Teacher £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MackenzieBiology Teacher 5.00 (2) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsThe Joys of Learning BiologyBiology is a discipline of amazing breadth and diversity, spanning from the great biological systems of plants, animals, and other living organisms to the microscopic life at the level of microorganisms and bacteria. It ranges from what we call conservation biology â€" the study of m echanisms to protect ecology and ecosystems â€" to cellular and molecular biology, the study of the tiniest things that make up our organism and life on Earth.Within this, there is space for everyone to study what they love, from the politics of biodiversity and neuroscience to the chemistry and physics at the basis of molecular science, photosynthesis, or bioinformatics. There’s mathematics, geography, and animal behaviour too.If any of these interest you, a course in biology may well inspire you to consider any of the careers in biology. From laboratory research to work in academia, teaching, medicine, or environmental policy, there are many options for professional work in the sciences. And some biology qualifications will of course be necessary for all of these.Biology covers everything from these blood cells to rainforests stretching thousands of miles.Choosing the Right Biology CourseWhen you look at the different options to study biology â€" whether that’s for a science d egree or for the study of life at any other level â€" you will find many institutions offering very similar options. This means lots of places offering A Levels and GCSEs, lots of higher education institutions, and lots of different private tutors.The main thing that you should consider when enrolling in any of these is that you are comfortable in the school and that you warm to and trust the teachers. Because, at the end of the day, your teacher is the one that will determine whether you want to study your subject at all.So, make sure that you take a look around whichever school, college, or university you are interested in before you commit. Whilst this might seem obvious with universities â€" considering the amount of open days there are â€" when you are considering revision classes or private tuition, the advice is precisely the same.Good luck! We hope you find what you are looking for.Biology Classes in LondonLondon is one of the best places in the world to study the life scien ce. With some of the most important biological science institutions in the country â€" if not on the planet â€" it will not disappoint you. And that’s whether you want to study microbiology, organ systems, or environmental biology - or anything else for that matter.For more detail on the options available to budding students of biology, check out our piece on biology courses in London.Biology Revision ClassesFor those currently studying biology at GCSE or A Level, the UK’s capital has plenty of options for extra revision. Active primarily during the Easter school break, institutions like Mander Portman Woodward or PMT Courses provide intensive, high-quality courses in different locations across London.So, no matter which exam board or qualification you are studying for, these revision classes will have you covering everything from genetics to biochemistry to evolutionary theory â€" all in a busy week.PMT, in association with IntoUniversity, has some free spaces on their courses, so check them out!Adult Education in BiologyIt’s not just kids that have the opportunity to learn about evolution, human physiology, or genomics. Rather, London has plenty of opportunities for adult learners too.Try out the City of Westminster College, which offers A Levels and GCSEs to adults. Or the City and Islington College, which offers a range of practical courses including Access to Higher Education Diplomas. These are for those budding undergraduates who do not yet have the prerequisite qualifications.Become a Professional BiologistIf you are dead set on a career in biology â€" if you can see yourself working in a biology lab â€" you will need to take an undergraduate degree in your subject. Whilst the majority of higher education institutions in London offer these, Imperial College London is probably the best for the sciences.Here you will study in depth the extent of your subject, covering everything from animal physiology to immunology, from ecosystem management to evo lutionary biology. At the same time, this will prepare you, if you so wish, for graduate study and ultimately for postdoctoral research.Study animals and plants in a biology course. MahimaBiology Teacher 5.00 (10) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AndyBiology Teacher 5.00 (2) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AlishaBiology Teacher 5.00 (10) £9/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SaifBiology Teacher 5.00 (9) £22/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors FrankBiology Teacher 5.00 (8) £90/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors HeavenliBiology Teacher £9/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SiobhanBiology Teacher £60/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MackenzieBiology Teacher 5.00 (2) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsStudying Biology in ManchesterIf you’re not a Londoner, don’t fret. Manchester has some great opportunities too for studying biology. Here, we look at two options â€" biology revision for kids and adult lear ning opportunities â€" but you can find more information about biology lessons in Manchester in our dedicated article on the subject.A Levels and GCSEs in BiologyFor those Mancunians looking for an opportunity to consolidate their learning before their biology examinations, there is A Level Revision UK. These guys run revision classes at Manchester Metropolitan University, throughout Easter, and here you will cover everything from the ecological to the organismal, from the microbial to the biochemical.Biology in Action also run revision days in Manchester, but these are designed to be more inspirational than comprehensive.Biology for AdultsManchester is a great place for adults to study biology â€" at A Level or diploma level. These courses cover the basics of general biology for people who return to the subject later in life.The courses are inspiring, well-taught, and guaranteed to get your enjoying and understanding everything from population genetics to cell biology.Search for A level biology tutors  now.Top Options for Learning Biology in BirminghamBirmingham, as another of the major UK cities, is another great place to study. If you are after a postgraduate research project in biology or a private tutor to help you through your A Level exams in chemistry or physics, there is something here for you.Check out our full article on learning biology in Birmingham for more.High School and College BiologyBirmingham is another city in which MPW has a school, so if you’re living in this city you can take advantage of the quality, reliable revision classes to get yours through your GCSE and A Level exams.If, on the other hand, you are looking for an A Level to study, you could do much worse than the South and City College, which has eight campuses spread across the city. Here, you can learn everything you need from the A Level biology curriculum and prepare yourself for a biology degree at the same time.Private Biology TuitionWhilst this could go under any city, y ou may find that you prefer to learn with a private tutor. These give you a greater flexibility and a personal attention to human biology, plant physiology, or cellular biology â€" or whatever it is you are struggling with!Superprof is a great place to find such a tutor, with hundreds of expert teachers scattered across the country as well as in Birmingham too.Understand the processes that create our DNA in a biology course at university.Biology Courses in LeedsThe options in Leeds are just as broad, with opportunities to study ecology and evolution or cell structure at any level, pace, or age.For more, click through to our specific article on biology courses in Leeds.Biology RevisionIf you are struggling with any of the biology topics in high school biology, you could try attending a revision course in Leeds. Justin Craig Education and EducateFirst are two brilliant institutions offering such courses â€" and you can study for general chemistry, mathematics, or English courses too.W hilst Justin Craig is based just outside Leeds, its combination of quality teaching and age-old expertise promises that they will have you fluent in zoology, population biology, or other parts of modern biology in no time.Studying Biology at UniversityThose interested in pursuing a career in botany, biophysics, or marine biology will need to consider undergraduate research at a higher education institution. Try the biology department at the University of Leeds for such opportunities in the city.Make sure you check out the prerequisites before you seek admission.Look up for biology tuition now.Tackling Biology in GlasgowLast but not least, we have Glasgow, a city which, like the others, has plenty of options to engage academically with the diversity of life. Check out the University of Glasgow’s department of biology, make your own scientific discoveries at the Glasgow Science Centre, or go over the basics of human disease in a revision class.For more information on study options f or biology in Glasgow, follow the link.Remote Learning OpportunitiesFor those interested in exploring the science of living things and living systems at degree level, but who do not have the space in their schedule to attend university full time, don’t forget that you can explore the options for online biology degrees with the Open University.These are just as comprehensive as those you study in person â€" and just as well-regarded â€" and you will cover everything from cell and molecular biology to population ecology. This is a great option for learners up and down the country.

How to Stand Up to the Boss (And Not Get Fired) - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / How to Stand Up to the Boss (And Not Get Fired) - Introvert Whisperer How to Stand Up to the Boss (And Not Get Fired) As things go, one of the more difficult things to do is to confront or push back on the boss.   A lot of people won’t do it because they fear it would cause them to get fired or minimally get on the bad side of the Boss. While it’s an understandable concern, its also unfounded.   Your brain is making up false assumptions appearing as real (F.E.A.R.).   Unless you know without a doubt that your boss is too sensitive for well-executed confrontation, you need to add this to your toolkit. Let’s first look at reasons why Standing Up to the Boss, can be a good skill: a) The Boss isn’t always right   No one is ever 100% right all the time. On those occasions when the Boss is about ready to drive you or others over the metaphorical cliff, you are obligated to say something. b) Self-respect   You teach people how to treat you and if you allow the Boss (or anyone) to trample on your values, you are teaching them to disrespect you. Also, they will respect you for standing up for yourself. c) Unaware   You can’t assume the Boss knows all the facts or factors impacted by a decision. The Boss may make a decision that has consequences that they simply don’t know or understand.   The world is so complex these days that you can never fully grasp all of the implications of some decisions.   Do the Boss a favor and let them know. d) Not a mind reader If you were somehow ignored, disregarded or otherwise personally impacted by something the Boss did: you might be upset and they may be completely clueless.   This is not the time for passive-aggressive comments.   Those are unhelpful and often more offensive than coming right out and airing your grievance. Also, many people are very unaware that their behavior might be taken negatively so you will be helping the Boss to develop greater insight into their own actions. Let’s look at things you can do to confront the Boss and keep your job: i) Keep it private One of the reasons why anyone including the Boss will think you’re a jerk is to air your concerns in public. Always take any confrontation into a private setting.   It will be safer for you both to fully explore whatever concerns you have if they aren’t trying to “save-face”. ii) Keep it unemotional   Being emotional when you confront them will only set up the situation to go poorly. All humans have an innate tendency to mirror the person they are with.   If you approach them in a red-faced rant, you will be met with the same or worse.   Do your confronting when you can be level headed. iii) Don’t make it personal   Don’t do or say anything that disparages the Boss. Focus totally on whatever the issue is and leave personality out of it.   Also, don’t make the assumption that whatever your issue is was done specifically to negatively impact you.   Even if a decision did negatively impact you, the decision was made for different reasons. iv) Focus on the issue Approach the Boss as if you are there to solve a problem. If you focus on problem-solving, you will greatly avoid the Boss getting offended. v) Be specific You must present the issue in very specific terms. If you are too general or vague, you have nothing to solve and cause more confusion that you intend. vi) Talk about impact If there is a problem that impacts you or the business, make sure to outline what the impact is to whatever problem you bring to them. vii) Stay upbeat It helps to take a positive view of working with the boss to create a solution. viii) Accountability   Make sure that when you have reached solutions that you build in follow-up to keep you both accountable to each other in the process. ix) Pick your timing and your battles Just like with anything else you know timing can be everything. Don’t do something like confronting the Boss when they are ready to head out the door or in the middle of a crisis.   Also, keep in mind that not all issues are worthy of the confrontation compared to other issues you do want resolution on. x) Make the Boss your partner. Take the perspective that you are both there to get the work done and enjoy it at the same time.   If you can develop this skillset, you will be well regarded by every Boss you will have. Photo Credit â€" Pexels.com This article was originally published on CareerMetis. Go to top It comes down to your Strategic Relationships and understanding of how you build each one of these elements. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my video that outlines all of this and meaningful actions you can take today!  Start watching now by clicking here! Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleashing your professional potential. Introvert Whisperer

IELTS Practice Test Get Your Band Score!

IELTS Practice Test Get Your Band Score! Do you need help practicing for the IELTS test? Do you want feedback on you IELTS writing skill? Do you want to improve your band score? The Virtual Writing Tutor now offers a series of free IELTS practice tests. Calculate your band score now! 8 IELTS Practice Tests There are eight tests to choose from: 4 x Task 1 tests, 4 x Task 2 tests. (Dont worry. Well be adding more soon.) 4 x Task 1 + 4 x Task 2 Task 1 Practice Tests Task 1 tests are academic writing tasks in which you have 20 minutes to write about a chart or a graph. The first IELTS task 1 practice test is about men and women in further education. Official IELTS Practice Test The second IELTS practice test is about radio and television audiences. Official IELTS Practice Test Task 2 Practice Tests Task 2 tests ask you to write an opinion about either cars and alternative transportation or nuclear technology. You have 40 minutes to write your essay. Read the prompt with the question and write 250 words before the timer reaches zero. IELTS Task 2 practice test Sample IELTS Task 2 Test 1 Text Try this Task 2 Test 1 sample:  https://virtualwritingtutor.com/ielts/t2t1/ One hundred and twelve years after their introduction, 29 million vehicles filled British roads by the year 2000. This figure tells us two things: Britons love their cars, and they will continue to want to buy and drive their cars unless something is done to change attitudes. Obviously, the number of cars on the road cannot continue to grow indefinitely. Alternative types of transport are needed immediately because the excessive number of cars negatively impacts the environment and peoples health, but preventing people from buying and owning cars is certainly not the answer. Automobiles with internal combustion engines are a threat to the environment. First, cars pollute the air with fine particulate matter and carbon dioxide because of the fossil fuels they burn. Without a doubt, a switch to low-emission and zero-emission cars such as hybrid engines or battery-powered vehicles would help to clean up the air. Worse still, cars destroy natural habitat that wildlife depends on to survive. By making it easier to commute great distances each day, cars make it possible for more people to live on the outskirts of cities and commute, creating urban sprawl. Consequently, when people move to the suburbs where land is cheaper, the development of low-density housing destroys the natural habitat of wild animals. Whats more, cars ruin our health. When people are cooped up in their cars for long periods of time instead of standing, walking, or running where they need to go, car culture prevents people from getting the exercise they need. Long commutes lead to fast food because people have less time to cook and enjoy a meal. Obviously, the switch to electric vehicles wont mitigate these negative effects of car ownership. Cheap land and free access to roadways create urban sprawl. The solution then is to add tolls to highways. The money collected can be used to subsidize public transportation and to create green spaces. The upshot of all this is that cleaner cars, tolls on highways, and meaningful investment in public transportation and urban green spaces will likely limit or reverse the recent growth of the number of cars on the road in Britain. Britons will come to prefer living in the city, using public transportation and urban green spaces to get to work. We are at a crossroads. Without question, a system of incentives and disincentives will reduce the desire to own a car. While it is tempting to want to legislate against car ownership, direct forms of coercion will only invite rebellion and inevitably fail. Sample IELTS Task 2 Test 2 Text Try this Task 2 Test 2 sample:https://virtualwritingtutor.com/ielts/t2t2/test There is no doubt that nuclear technology has been an enormous benefit to the world. It ended World War II with the first and last use of nuclear weapons against an enemy, and the threat of a future nuclear attack ensures that World War II stays ended. Today, nuclear technology furnishes us with smoke detectors in our modern homes, radioisotopes for our modern medicine, and clean energy to run our modern economy. Despite the danger of catastrophic failures of nuclear reactors and the risk of nuclear war, the virtues of nuclear technology clearly outweigh any drawbacks. Indeed, nuclear technology is somewhat worthwhile. Without the tiny flake of radioactive substance in every smoke detector, countless homes, businesses, and lives would be lost. Fires would burn everywhere and misery would multiply if we were to allow ourselves to be persuaded to rid ourselves of nuclear technology by a successful anti-nuclear campaign. Furthermore, as a society without radioisotopes in nuclear medicine as contrasts in routines scans, diseases would be missed and loved ones would die. Without radiation therapy, cancer would return more often after surgery and the misery of chemotherapy would be our line of defense. Finally, the lights would go out and food would spoil without nuclear power facilities. To replace the loss of safe, cheap, and limitless electricity generation, we would have to turn to fossil fuels, poisoning our air and destabilizing our climate even more than we are doing currently. Nevertheless, critics are quick to point out that we would be better off without nuclear technology. They point to the Fukushima nuclear power plant fire, explosion, and contamination of the surrounding countryside. Opponents of nuclear energy also point to the nuclear waste that has to be safely stored indefinitely. Forever is a long time to store nuclear waste, admittedly. Nuclear war seems a constant threat since all it takes is for a hotheaded terrorist with access to a bomb or a fit of madness in one of the presidents of Russia or America to end civilization with a nuclear apocalypse. Granted, nuclear technology is extremely dangerous because the catastrophic failure of just one of the safety mechanisms we have devised for it can ruin us completely. However, there is no going back. The genie will not return to its bottle. We must learn to live with the dangers of nuclear technology, using past disasters and simulations of the future to develop better safeguards. Complete denucle arization is wholly unrealistic and will never happen. In conclusion, despite some major drawbacks, nuclear technology is much more beneficial than it is detrimental. With safety in mind, nuclear energy remains our best hope for a reduction of the use of the fossil fuels that poison our climate and funds the religious extremism of Middle Eastern terrorism. Also, nuclear medicine is indispensable for disease detection and treatment. Finally, who would wish to live in a completely denuclearized apartment building without smoke detectors? It is a deathtrap. Rather by focusing on nuclear safety instead of the unrealistic fantasy of complete denuclearization, we will continue to benefit from nuclear technology long into the future. Self-scoring IELTS Practice Test Here is how it works. The Virtual Writing Tutor uses latent semantic analysis and proximity detecting artificial intelligence to approximate your band score. The feedback will help you improve. How? Go to the IELTS practice test page. Choose from the 4 texts offered. The link to the practice tests (1) is on the navigation bar. Start writing. You will notice the chart on the left (2). On the right, you will see a text area with a timer (3) and word counter. Write your text in the space provided. When you have finished writing, click Finished. The system will calculate your approximate band score for you. If you dont finish in time, the system will submit what you have written automatically when the timer reaches zero. Improve your IELTS Band Score The system uses artificial intelligence to measure the quality of your writing and calculate an approximate band score (6) for you. The feedback below (7) helps you make improvements to your writing so that you can improve your band score the next time. IELTS Band score calculator You will receive feedback in the form of scores and messages on the following areas of your writing. Writing fluencyWriting styleOrganizationTopic developmentLanguage accuracy Writing fluency is how much you can write under pressure. Writing style is how long your sentences are, how well you vary their lengths, your avoidance of cliches and exclamation marks. Organization is about how many paragraphs you write, if you write an introduction and conclusion, and if you take a strong stance and defend it. Topic development is how well you address the topic, how deeply you develop that topic, and if you have the vocabulary needed to discuss it with precision. Get your IELTS Band Score now! Get More Help with IELTS and TOEFL Read my article about online grammar courses for IELTS TOEFL. If you want feedback from a human, I have found the 3 best IELTS essay graders on Fiverr. For the IELTS vocabulary courses online, click here. For a list of frequently asked questions about IELTS and TOEFL, read my article. For more writing topics to practice with, check out these 240 IELTS task 2 writing prompts. Please follow and like us:

English Grammar Than v. That

English Grammar Than v. That A common problem we see in our English classes, especially for speakers of Latin languages like Spanish or French, is confusion between than or that. In Latin languages, they are usually the same word, like que in Spanish, but in English we split them into two words for two ideas.Than is always used for comparing two things. You cannot substitute that for than in a comparative sentence.It is better that I thought. This is a common mistake. The correct sentence is: It is better than I thought.That is a relative clause used to connect and add more information.For example:She took the test that was hard. Which test did she take? The hard test.That is also a demonstrative pronoun. It replaces the object in the sentence.Example:Rock climbing is hard. Yes, that was hard. In this sentence that replaces rock climbing.That is also a subordinating conjunction. It is used when connecting a two-clause sentence.Example:It is better that we go.  The first clause is we go; the second clause or res ult clause is: It is better. In this case you can also use if, but if gives the sentence a different meaning because it is a conditional and means that we arent 100 percent sure the results of the clause.Finally, that can also be used as an adverb.Example: The test wasnt that bad.Ok, so that should answer most of your questions about that v. than. Let us know if you have more! Varaskkar Its explained pretty good. Thanks!